INTRODUCTION
Waste is a problem that often arises in people's lives and the environment arising from activities of human life. In general, people do not consider that the waste can be recycled.WASTE
Waste is waste generated from a production process both industrial and domestic (household). Where people live, there the various types of waste will be generated. No garbage, no water toilet (black water), and no waste water from a variety of other domestic activities.Based on the consistency, the waste can be classified into three types, namely:A. Wastewater
Liquid waste sourced from manufacturers who typically use a lot of water in the system process. In addition there is also a raw material containing water so that the processing process water should be discarded. Entrained in the water treatment process and disposed of for example when used to wash the material before being processed further. Water plus certain chemicals are then processed and then discarded. This resulted in all types of waste water treatment.Liquid waste is the residue of a business or activity results in liquid form (PP 82 year 2001). The types of waste can be classified based on:• Nature of Physical and Aggregate Properties. Acidity as one example of the nature of the waste can be measured using the titrimetric method• Parameter Metals, such as arsenic (As) with the SSA method• Inorganic non-metallic for example ammonia (NH3-N) by the method of Blue Indofenol• Organic Aggregates eg Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)• Microorganisms eg E Coli in MPN method• Special properties eg Boric acid (H3 BO3) by titrimetric method• Seawater for example copper (Cu) by the method of SPR-IDA-SSALiquid waste disposal must meet the following requirements:• distribution system must be closed• The slope of the line 2-4 ° so as not to precipitate• Building a watertight container, strong• The distance from the source of water approximately 10 m
2. Solid waste
Solid waste is the result of solid industrial waste, sludge, slurry from the rest of the treatment process. This waste can be categorized into two parts, the solid waste that can be recycled, such as plastics, textiles, scrap metal and a second solid waste that has no economic value. Solid waste from industrial and domestic activities. Domestic waste is generally in the form of household solid waste, solid waste trade, office buildings, farms, agriculture, and from public places. The types of solid waste: paper, wood, cloth, rubber / artificial leather, plastic, metal, glass / glass, organic, bacterial, eggshells, etc..Solid waste processing can be done by:• The solid waste without treatment: The solid waste that does not contain elements toxic and hazardous chemicals can be directly discharged into a certain place as TPA (Final Disposal).• The solid waste by processing: Solid wastes containing toxic and hazardous chemicals must be treated before it is discharged into certain places. Waste can also be done in ways that other sedehana for example, by recyclingContainers used to hold solid waste must meet the following requirements:• Easy to wash, do not leak• lidded, marked with infectious• Placed in a suitable container• If the volume has reached three-fourths of the container must be emptied• Wash with a disinfectant container3. Waste gasAir pollution is the contamination of air by a couple of particulate matter (waste) containing particles (smoke and soot), hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone (smog haze fotokimiawi), carbon monoxide and lead. Air is a medium for waste gas pollutants. Waste gas or smoke produced by the plant out in conjunction with the air. There are several methods that have been developed for simplification of exhaust gas. The basis of the development undertaken is absorption, absorbing ion, pond neutralization and clearance of particles.By its nature, the waste can be classified into 4 types:A. Clinical and biological wastesWastes generated during routine patient care, surgery and in high-risk units. This waste may be dangerous and cause a high risk of bacterial infection and the general population and hospital staff. Therefore, it needs to be clearly labeled as high risk. Examples of these types of waste is a dirty bandage or wrap, body fluids, amputated limbs, needles and syringes used, the bag of urine and blood products. Waste treatment is done by burning in incinerators which previously had to be disinfected using a disinfectant.2. Chemical waste
Wastes containing chemical reagents in the laboratory samples, for x-ray films, disinfectants expired or no longer needed, solvents. These wastes are considered hazardous waste if it has some properties (toxic, corrosive (pH12), flammable, reactive (explosive, reacts with water, vulnerable to shocks), genotoxic. Containers used to hold chemical waste container must be pressurized like an anesthetic gas cylinders, gas cartridges, aerosol cans, respiratory therapy equipment, oxygen in the form of gas or water. chemical waste treatment can be done by chemically by adding chemicals that can eliminate the harmful substances.
3. Infectious waste
Waste from patients who require special handling or patients requiring isolation due to infectious diseases. These wastes require special container or containers in its processing. This waste is processed by incineration incinerator mpada tool. The principle works using high-temperature dry oxidation process that will reduce organic waste and combustible waste to inorganic materials are not flammable and will lose a very significant in terms of volume and weight.
4. B3 waste (hazardous and toxic materials)
Materials and toxic waste berhabaya (B3) is the residue of a business and activities that contain hazardous and toxic materials due to the nature, concentration, and amount, either directly or indirectly, can pollute and or damage and harm the environment, health, human survival and other living things (PPNo. 18 years of Regulation No. 1999 jo. 85th in 1999).A waste is classified as B3 waste when it contains hazardous materials or toxic nature and concentration, either directly or indirectly, may damage or pollute the environment or endanger the health manusia.Yang B3 waste include hazardous materials and toxic substances that are not used again because of damage, the rest of the packaging, spills, waste process and ships used oil that requires special handling and processing. These materials include the B3 waste when it has one or more of the following characteristics: explosive, flammable, reactive, toxic, infectious, corrosive, etc., which when tested with known toxicology may B3 waste. The following types of waste B3:• Waste is waste that is explosive through a chemical reaction to produce gas with high temperature and pressure which can quickly damage the environment.• combustible waste is waste which, when close to flames, sparks, friction or other ignition sources will easily turn on or when it has been lit on fire and flames will continue for a long time.• Reactive wastes are wastes that cause a fire due to release or receive oxygen or peroxides of organic waste that is not stable in high temperatures.• Waste is waste containing poisonous toxins that are harmful to humans and the environment. B3 waste can cause death or illness if it enters the body through breathing, skin or mouth.• wastes that cause infections are infected laboratory wastes or wastes containing disease germs, such as an amputated human body parts and human body fluids are exposed to infection.• The waste is waste that is corrosive to the skin or cause irritation mengkorosikan steel, which has a pH equal to or less than 2.0 for the acidic waste and greater than 12.5 for alkaline.B3 waste processing can be done according to procedures setting of storage and storage duration as follows:A. provides a special place B3 waste, separate from storage areas and other waste materials. Engineering design and set storage. B3 waste storage areas must get approval from the relevant parties.2. B3 store all waste in accordance with the type and characteristics, and placed at a predetermined place.3. avoid spills and spills of waste B3, which are particularly flammable or explosive. A good house keeping procedures should be implemented.4. record every movement of the B3 waste occurs, the entry and exit points of the appropriate type and amount of storage into the balance sheets of B3 waste.5. waste is stored must not exceed a period of 90 days, so that the waste is stored must be pursued, namely:a. immediately transported by the company that licensed collectors to the processing.b. 3R efforts or reuse, recycle and recycle for its own purposes, according to the nature and characteristics of the waste, with reference to the applicable regulations.c. exploited by others (who are unlicensed) as raw material and supporting the activities of certain industries.6. installation of waste B3 labels and symbols must correspond with the type and nature of the B3 waste.7. providing health and safety equipment (K3) as appropriate, including firefighters.8. shall not receive or store the B3 waste from other parties.
CONCLUSIONWaste is waste generated from a production process both industrial and domestic (household). Based on the consistency, the waste can be classified into three types, namely:A. Liquid waste. Dealt with certain chemicals are then processed and then discarded.2. Solid waste.• The solid waste without treatment: The solid waste that does not contain elements toxic and hazardous chemicals can be directly discharged into a certain place as TPA (Final Disposal).• The solid waste by processing: Solid wastes containing toxic and hazardous chemicals must be treated before it is discharged into certain places. Waste can also be done in ways that other sedehana for example, by recycling
3. Waste gases and particles. Handled by way of absorption, the absorber ion, pond neutralization and clearance of particles.By its nature, the waste can be divided into:A. Clinical and biological waste.Waste treatment is done by burning in incinerators which previously had to be disinfected using a disinfectant.2. Chemical waste.Chemical waste treatment can be done by chemically by adding chemicals that can eliminate the harmful substances.3. Infectious waste.This waste is processed by incineration incinerator mpada tool. The principle works using high-temperature dry oxidation process that will reduce organic waste and combustible waste to inorganic materials are not flammable and will lose a very significant in terms of volume and weight.4. B3 waste (hazardous and toxic materials).B3 waste processing can be done according to procedures setting of storage and storage duration as follows:A. Provide a special place B3 waste, separate from storage areas and other waste materials. Engineering design and set storage. B3 waste storage areas must get approval from the relevant parties.2. B3 store all waste in accordance with the type and characteristics, and placed at a predetermined place.3. Avoid spills and spills of waste B3, which are particularly flammable or explosive. A good house keeping procedures should be implemented.4. Record every movement of the B3 waste occurs, the entry and exit points of the appropriate type and amount of storage into the balance sheets of B3 waste.5. The waste is stored must not exceed a period of 90 days, so the waste is stored must be pursued, namely:a. immediately transported by the company that licensed collectors to the processing.b. 3R efforts or reuse, recycle and recycle for its own purposes, according to the nature and characteristics of the waste, with reference to the applicable regulations.c. exploited by others (who are unlicensed) as raw material and supporting the activities of certain industries.6. Installation of labels and symbols B3 waste shall be in accordance with the type and nature of the B3 waste.7. Providing health and safety equipment (K3) as appropriate, including firefighters.8. Shall not accept or store the B3 waste from other parties.
Waste is a problem that often arises in people's lives and the environment arising from activities of human life. In general, people do not consider that the waste can be recycled.WASTE
Waste is waste generated from a production process both industrial and domestic (household). Where people live, there the various types of waste will be generated. No garbage, no water toilet (black water), and no waste water from a variety of other domestic activities.Based on the consistency, the waste can be classified into three types, namely:A. Wastewater
Liquid waste sourced from manufacturers who typically use a lot of water in the system process. In addition there is also a raw material containing water so that the processing process water should be discarded. Entrained in the water treatment process and disposed of for example when used to wash the material before being processed further. Water plus certain chemicals are then processed and then discarded. This resulted in all types of waste water treatment.Liquid waste is the residue of a business or activity results in liquid form (PP 82 year 2001). The types of waste can be classified based on:• Nature of Physical and Aggregate Properties. Acidity as one example of the nature of the waste can be measured using the titrimetric method• Parameter Metals, such as arsenic (As) with the SSA method• Inorganic non-metallic for example ammonia (NH3-N) by the method of Blue Indofenol• Organic Aggregates eg Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)• Microorganisms eg E Coli in MPN method• Special properties eg Boric acid (H3 BO3) by titrimetric method• Seawater for example copper (Cu) by the method of SPR-IDA-SSALiquid waste disposal must meet the following requirements:• distribution system must be closed• The slope of the line 2-4 ° so as not to precipitate• Building a watertight container, strong• The distance from the source of water approximately 10 m
2. Solid waste
Solid waste is the result of solid industrial waste, sludge, slurry from the rest of the treatment process. This waste can be categorized into two parts, the solid waste that can be recycled, such as plastics, textiles, scrap metal and a second solid waste that has no economic value. Solid waste from industrial and domestic activities. Domestic waste is generally in the form of household solid waste, solid waste trade, office buildings, farms, agriculture, and from public places. The types of solid waste: paper, wood, cloth, rubber / artificial leather, plastic, metal, glass / glass, organic, bacterial, eggshells, etc..Solid waste processing can be done by:• The solid waste without treatment: The solid waste that does not contain elements toxic and hazardous chemicals can be directly discharged into a certain place as TPA (Final Disposal).• The solid waste by processing: Solid wastes containing toxic and hazardous chemicals must be treated before it is discharged into certain places. Waste can also be done in ways that other sedehana for example, by recyclingContainers used to hold solid waste must meet the following requirements:• Easy to wash, do not leak• lidded, marked with infectious• Placed in a suitable container• If the volume has reached three-fourths of the container must be emptied• Wash with a disinfectant container3. Waste gasAir pollution is the contamination of air by a couple of particulate matter (waste) containing particles (smoke and soot), hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone (smog haze fotokimiawi), carbon monoxide and lead. Air is a medium for waste gas pollutants. Waste gas or smoke produced by the plant out in conjunction with the air. There are several methods that have been developed for simplification of exhaust gas. The basis of the development undertaken is absorption, absorbing ion, pond neutralization and clearance of particles.By its nature, the waste can be classified into 4 types:A. Clinical and biological wastesWastes generated during routine patient care, surgery and in high-risk units. This waste may be dangerous and cause a high risk of bacterial infection and the general population and hospital staff. Therefore, it needs to be clearly labeled as high risk. Examples of these types of waste is a dirty bandage or wrap, body fluids, amputated limbs, needles and syringes used, the bag of urine and blood products. Waste treatment is done by burning in incinerators which previously had to be disinfected using a disinfectant.2. Chemical waste
Wastes containing chemical reagents in the laboratory samples, for x-ray films, disinfectants expired or no longer needed, solvents. These wastes are considered hazardous waste if it has some properties (toxic, corrosive (pH12), flammable, reactive (explosive, reacts with water, vulnerable to shocks), genotoxic. Containers used to hold chemical waste container must be pressurized like an anesthetic gas cylinders, gas cartridges, aerosol cans, respiratory therapy equipment, oxygen in the form of gas or water. chemical waste treatment can be done by chemically by adding chemicals that can eliminate the harmful substances.
3. Infectious waste
Waste from patients who require special handling or patients requiring isolation due to infectious diseases. These wastes require special container or containers in its processing. This waste is processed by incineration incinerator mpada tool. The principle works using high-temperature dry oxidation process that will reduce organic waste and combustible waste to inorganic materials are not flammable and will lose a very significant in terms of volume and weight.
4. B3 waste (hazardous and toxic materials)
Materials and toxic waste berhabaya (B3) is the residue of a business and activities that contain hazardous and toxic materials due to the nature, concentration, and amount, either directly or indirectly, can pollute and or damage and harm the environment, health, human survival and other living things (PPNo. 18 years of Regulation No. 1999 jo. 85th in 1999).A waste is classified as B3 waste when it contains hazardous materials or toxic nature and concentration, either directly or indirectly, may damage or pollute the environment or endanger the health manusia.Yang B3 waste include hazardous materials and toxic substances that are not used again because of damage, the rest of the packaging, spills, waste process and ships used oil that requires special handling and processing. These materials include the B3 waste when it has one or more of the following characteristics: explosive, flammable, reactive, toxic, infectious, corrosive, etc., which when tested with known toxicology may B3 waste. The following types of waste B3:• Waste is waste that is explosive through a chemical reaction to produce gas with high temperature and pressure which can quickly damage the environment.• combustible waste is waste which, when close to flames, sparks, friction or other ignition sources will easily turn on or when it has been lit on fire and flames will continue for a long time.• Reactive wastes are wastes that cause a fire due to release or receive oxygen or peroxides of organic waste that is not stable in high temperatures.• Waste is waste containing poisonous toxins that are harmful to humans and the environment. B3 waste can cause death or illness if it enters the body through breathing, skin or mouth.• wastes that cause infections are infected laboratory wastes or wastes containing disease germs, such as an amputated human body parts and human body fluids are exposed to infection.• The waste is waste that is corrosive to the skin or cause irritation mengkorosikan steel, which has a pH equal to or less than 2.0 for the acidic waste and greater than 12.5 for alkaline.B3 waste processing can be done according to procedures setting of storage and storage duration as follows:A. provides a special place B3 waste, separate from storage areas and other waste materials. Engineering design and set storage. B3 waste storage areas must get approval from the relevant parties.2. B3 store all waste in accordance with the type and characteristics, and placed at a predetermined place.3. avoid spills and spills of waste B3, which are particularly flammable or explosive. A good house keeping procedures should be implemented.4. record every movement of the B3 waste occurs, the entry and exit points of the appropriate type and amount of storage into the balance sheets of B3 waste.5. waste is stored must not exceed a period of 90 days, so that the waste is stored must be pursued, namely:a. immediately transported by the company that licensed collectors to the processing.b. 3R efforts or reuse, recycle and recycle for its own purposes, according to the nature and characteristics of the waste, with reference to the applicable regulations.c. exploited by others (who are unlicensed) as raw material and supporting the activities of certain industries.6. installation of waste B3 labels and symbols must correspond with the type and nature of the B3 waste.7. providing health and safety equipment (K3) as appropriate, including firefighters.8. shall not receive or store the B3 waste from other parties.
CONCLUSIONWaste is waste generated from a production process both industrial and domestic (household). Based on the consistency, the waste can be classified into three types, namely:A. Liquid waste. Dealt with certain chemicals are then processed and then discarded.2. Solid waste.• The solid waste without treatment: The solid waste that does not contain elements toxic and hazardous chemicals can be directly discharged into a certain place as TPA (Final Disposal).• The solid waste by processing: Solid wastes containing toxic and hazardous chemicals must be treated before it is discharged into certain places. Waste can also be done in ways that other sedehana for example, by recycling
3. Waste gases and particles. Handled by way of absorption, the absorber ion, pond neutralization and clearance of particles.By its nature, the waste can be divided into:A. Clinical and biological waste.Waste treatment is done by burning in incinerators which previously had to be disinfected using a disinfectant.2. Chemical waste.Chemical waste treatment can be done by chemically by adding chemicals that can eliminate the harmful substances.3. Infectious waste.This waste is processed by incineration incinerator mpada tool. The principle works using high-temperature dry oxidation process that will reduce organic waste and combustible waste to inorganic materials are not flammable and will lose a very significant in terms of volume and weight.4. B3 waste (hazardous and toxic materials).B3 waste processing can be done according to procedures setting of storage and storage duration as follows:A. Provide a special place B3 waste, separate from storage areas and other waste materials. Engineering design and set storage. B3 waste storage areas must get approval from the relevant parties.2. B3 store all waste in accordance with the type and characteristics, and placed at a predetermined place.3. Avoid spills and spills of waste B3, which are particularly flammable or explosive. A good house keeping procedures should be implemented.4. Record every movement of the B3 waste occurs, the entry and exit points of the appropriate type and amount of storage into the balance sheets of B3 waste.5. The waste is stored must not exceed a period of 90 days, so the waste is stored must be pursued, namely:a. immediately transported by the company that licensed collectors to the processing.b. 3R efforts or reuse, recycle and recycle for its own purposes, according to the nature and characteristics of the waste, with reference to the applicable regulations.c. exploited by others (who are unlicensed) as raw material and supporting the activities of certain industries.6. Installation of labels and symbols B3 waste shall be in accordance with the type and nature of the B3 waste.7. Providing health and safety equipment (K3) as appropriate, including firefighters.8. Shall not accept or store the B3 waste from other parties.
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